Hydrogen pipeline transport
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Hydrogen pipeline transport is a transportation of hydrogen through a pipe as part of the hydrogen infrastructure.
Contents |
Economics
Hydrogen pipeline transport is used to transport hydrogen from the point of production or delivery to the point of demand. Although the technology for hydrogen pipeline transport is proven,[1][2] and the transport costs are similar to those of CNG,[3] most hydrogen is produced in the place of demand, with an industrial production facility every 50 to 100 miles (Expression error: Unrecognised punctuation character "[" to Expression error: Unrecognised punctuation character "[" km)[4]
Hydrogen has problems with both hydrogen embrittlement and corrosion. Hydrogen has an active electron, and therefore behaves somewhat like a Halogen.[5] For this reason, Hydrogen pipes have to resist corrosion, and are normally specified to be of expensive stainless steel.[6] The problem is compounded because hydrogen can easily migrate into the crystal structure of most metals.
History
- 1938 - Rhine-Ruhr The first 240 km hydrogen pipes that are constructed of regular pipe steel, compressed hydrogen pressure 10-20 bar, diameter 25–30 cm. Still in operation.[7][8]
- 1973 – 30 km pipeline in Isbergues, France.[9]
- 1985 - Extension of the pipeline from Isbergues to Zeebrugge
- 1997 - Connection of the pipeline to Rotterdam
- 1997 - 2000: Development of two hydrogen networks, one near Corpus Christi, Texas, and one between Freeport and Texas City.
- 2009 - 150 mile extension of the pipeline from Plaquemine to Chalmette.[10]
Infrastructure
- 2004 - USA - 900 miles (1450 km) of low pressure hydrogen pipelines[11][12]
- 2004 - Europe - 930 miles (1500 km) of low pressure hydrogen pipelines.[13]
Research
Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Pipelines (or FRP pipeline) and Reinforced thermoplastic pipes are researched[14][15][16][17]
Notes
Pipeline delivery pressures can go up to 700-1,000 psi [18]
See also
- Guided rotor compressor
- HCNG
- Hydrogen turboexpander-generator
- Hydrogen piping
- Hydrogen economy
- Pipeline transport
- Plastic pressure pipe systems
- Timeline of hydrogen technologies
References
- ↑ 2005 DOE Hydrogen Pipeline Working Group Workshop
- ↑ Natural gas pipelines for hydrogen transportation
- ↑ 2006 - Compressorless Hydrogen Transmission Pipelines
- ↑ Every 50 to 100 miles
- ↑ Stuart Island Energy Initiative Website Accessed 2010-10-13
- ↑ Idaho national Engineering Laboratory Recommendations for Piping for Gaseous Hydrogen Accessed 2010-10-13
- ↑ The Technological Steps of Hydrogen Introduction - pag 24
- ↑ rise.org - Pipelines
- ↑ 2006 - vector of clean energy - pag 15
- ↑ Hydrogen Pipeline Extension Strengthens Gulf Coast Network
- ↑ 2004 USA pipelines
- ↑ 2008 Argonne National Laboratory report
- ↑ 2004 EU pipelines
- ↑ 2007 - Fiber Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Pipelines
- ↑ NEW, COMPOSITE POLYMERIC/METALLIC MATERIALS AND DESIGNS FOR HYDROGEN PIPELINES
- ↑ 2006 FRP Hydrogen Pipelines
- ↑ Lifetime Simulation Composite & Multilayer Pipelines
- ↑ Fleet module Pag. 17
External links
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fr:Hydrogénoduc it:Idrogenodotto nl:Waterstof pijpleidingvervoer no:Rørtransport av hydrogen
