Automatic Deformation Monitoring System
An automatic deformation monitoring system is a group of interacting, interrelated, or interdependent software and hardware elements forming a complex whole for deformation monitoring that, once set up, does not require human input to function. Automatic deformation monitoring systems provide a critical function for the customer. In many cases an automatic deformation monitoring system saved lives and prevented the loss of millions of dollars in infrastructure and income.
Contents
- 1 Automatic deformation monitoring system components
- 2 Consulting
- 3 Sensors
- 4 Communication
- 5 Data acquisition software including data management
- 6 Deformation analysis
- 7 References
- 8 Papers & Examples of automatic deformation monitoring systems
- 9 Companies that are providing automatic deformation monitoring systems
- 10 See also
- 11 External links
Automatic deformation monitoring system components
Automatic deformation monitoring systems include:
- Consulting
- Sensors
- Communication
- Data acquisition software and data management
- Deformation analysis
Consulting
The consulting of the automatic deformation monitoring system covers a number of service activities that range from the first on site visit to sound out the situation and collect the requirements to the detailed project engineering with the selection of a suitable combination of measuring devices, mounting, power, communications, data center location and data acquisition software to the installation, operation and maintenance of the system.
Sensors
To cover all applications an automatic deformation monitoring system must support any geodetic and geotechnical measuring device (sensor) that is required by the monitoring application.
- Geodetic measuring devices measure georeferenced displacements or movements in one, two or three dimensions. It includes the use of instruments such as total stations, levels and global navigation satellite system receivers.
- Geotechnical measuring devices measure non-georeferenced displacements or movements and related environmental effects or conditions. It includes the use of instruments such as extensometers, piezometers, rain gauges, thermometers, barometers, tilt meters, accelerometers, seismometers etc. Or refer to geotechnical sensors for more detail.
- Other techniques e.g. radar measuring devices.
Communication
Between measuring devices and the data acquisition software a broad range of communication alternatives are possible depending range, data rate and cost.
- Transmission cable (RS232, RS485, fiber optics)
- Local area network (LAN)
- Wireless LAN (WLAN)
- Mobile communication (GSM, GPRS, UMTS)
- WiMax
Data acquisition software including data management
The software is the heart of the monitoring system because of its key roles in acquiring data from the attached sensors, computing meaningful values from the measurements, recording results, visualising the changes and alarming responsible persons should threshold value be exceeded. Whilst the software is the heart of the system, the operator is always the brains because they have the sufficient skills and expertise to make considered decisions on the appropriate response to the movement, e.g. independent verification though on-site inspections, re-active controls such as structural repairs and emergency responses such as shut down processes, containment processes and site evacuation.
Deformation analysis
Deformation analysis is concerned with determining of a measured displacement is statistically significant. The analysis can be done visually through the use of time line, scatter, vector and other plots and numerically. Numerical deformation analysis is directly related to the science of network adjustment.
References
- Mazzanti P., 2011. Displacement Monitoring by Terrestrial SAR Interferometry for Geotechnical Purposes. Geotechnical instrumentation news (Giugno 2011), pp. 25-28.
- Mazzanti P., Bretschneider A., Brunetti A., 2011. Geomechanical investigation of coastal cliffs by remote sensing techniques. Proceedings of the 8th International Symposyum on Field Measurements in Geomechanics (Berlino, 12-16 Settembre 2011) (Poster)
- Bozzano F., Cipriani I., Mazzanti P. & Prestininzi A, 2011. Displacement patterns of a landslide affected by human activities: insights from ground-based InSAR monitoring. Natural Hazards, DOI: 10.007/s11069-011-9840-6.
- Mazzanti P., Brunetti A., 2010. Assessing rockfall susceptibility by Terrestrial SAR Interferometry. In: Malet J.P., Glade T., Casagli N. (eds), Proceedings of the Mountain Risks International Conference, Firenze, Italy, 24-26 November 2010, pp. 109-114.
- Bozzano F., Mazzanti P., Prestininzi A., 2008. A radar platform for continuous monitoring of a landslide interacting with an under-construction infrastructure. Italian Journal of Engineering Geology and Environment, 2, 35-50.
- Mazzanti P., Cipriani I., 2011. Terrestrial SAR Interferometry monitoring of a building in the city of Rome. Proceedings of the Fringe 2011 Workshop (Frascati, Rome, 12-16 September 2011) (Poster).
- Mazzanti P., Brunetti A., Scarascia Mugnozza G., 2011. MODE TInSAR: an ESA incubation project dedicated to the Terrestrial SAR Interferometry. Proceedings of the Fringe 2011 Workshop (Frascati, Rome, 12-16 September 2011) (Poster).
- Literature, Edited by J.F.A Moore (1992). Monitoring Building Structures. Blackie and Son Ltd. ISBN 0-216-93141-X, USA and Canada ISBN 0-442-31333-0
- Literature, B. Glisic and D. Inaudi (2008). Fibre Optic Methods for Structural Health Monitoring. Wiley. ISBN 978-0-470-06142-8
Papers & Examples of automatic deformation monitoring systems
- 2011
- 2009
- 2008
- 2007
- Applications and Limitations of Automated Motorized Total Stations by Douglas S. Roy, P.E., M.ASCE and Pierre Gouvin, A.M.ASCE
- FIG 2007 - Application of Automatic Deformation Monitoring System for Hong Kong KSL Railway Monitoring
- The American Surveyor (Oct 2007) - 24/7 Structural Monitoring
- Professional Surveyor Magazine (Oct 2007) - Unmanned and Secure
- Monitoring of Open Pit Mines using Combined GNSS Satellite Receivers and Robotic Total Stations
- FIG 2007 - Continuous Beam Deflection Monitoring Using Precise Inclinometers
- Safety and Financial Value Created by Good Slope Management Strategies and Tactics
- Deformation monitoring system protects personnel and structures through early detection
- Engineering Solutions with Trimble 4D Control, Trimble Survey Controller, Trimble S8 Total Station White Paper, Trimble 2007
- 2006
- 2005
- 2004
- 2003
- 2001
Companies that are providing automatic deformation monitoring systems
- NHAZCA S.r.l., Natural Hazards Monitoring Specialists
- Canary Systems
- CPG Laboratories Pte Ltd
- FT Laboratories Ltd. > Surveying Division > Web based ADMS
- Geo-Instruments Real Time Structural and Geotechnical Monitoring
- Global Infrastructure Surveys Pty Ltd
- GNSS/LPS based Online Control and Alarm System and Software (GOCA)
- GroundProbe Slope Stability Radar
- IDS Ingegneria dei Sistemi Spa Interferometric Radars
- Leica GeoMoS Automatic Deformation Monitoring Software
- Measurand Inc Unattended 3D Slope Monitoring
- Monitoring Solution Providers Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Position-Control GmbH > liquid levelling monitoring systems > Web based monitoring
- Reutech Radar Systems
- Roctest Integrated Structural Health Monitoring systems
- SMARTEC: Fiber Optic Deformation monitoring systems
- Softrock Solutions, Monitoring Specialists
- SolData, Monitoring Specialists
- Sokkia Singapore Positioning Sales Pte Ltd
- Topcon DC3 Monitoring System
- Topcon Singapore Positioning Sales Pte Ltd
- Trimble 4D Control
- Wisescan Engineering Service Pte Ltd
See also
External links
