The Bhatnagar–Gross–Krook operator (abbreviated BGK operator) term refers to a collision operator used in the Boltzmann Equation and in the Lattice Boltzmann method, a Computational fluid dynamics technique. It is given by the following formula:

\[\Omega_i=-\tau^{-1}(n_i-n_i^{EQ})\]

where \(n_i^{EQ}\) is a local equilibrium value for the population of particles in the direction of link \(\mathbf{e}_i\) The term \(\tau\) is a relaxation time, and related to the viscosity.

The operator is named after Prabhu L. Bhatnagar, Eugene P. Gross, and Max Krook, the three scientists who introduced it in a paper in Physical Review in 1954.[1]

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