Hydrogen pipeline transport
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Hydrogen pipeline transport is a transportation of hydrogen through a pipe as part of the hydrogen infrastructure.
Contents
Economics
Hydrogen pipeline transport is used to transport hydrogen from the point of production or delivery to the point of demand. Although the technology for hydrogen pipeline transport is proven,[1][2] and the transport costs are similar to those of CNG,[3] most hydrogen is produced in the place of demand, with an industrial production facility every 50 to 100 miles (80 to 160 km)[4]
Hydrogen has problems with both hydrogen embrittlement and corrosion. Hydrogen has an active electron, and therefore behaves somewhat like a Halogen.[5] For this reason, Hydrogen pipes have to resist corrosion, and are normally specified to be of expensive stainless steel.[6] The problem is compounded because hydrogen can easily migrate into the crystal structure of most metals.
History
- 1938 - Rhine-Ruhr The first 240 km hydrogen pipes that are constructed of regular pipe steel, compressed hydrogen pressure 10-20 bar, diameter 25–30 cm. Still in operation.[7][8]
- 1973 – 30 km pipeline in Isbergues, France.[9]
- 1985 - Extension of the pipeline from Isbergues to Zeebrugge
- 1997 - Connection of the pipeline to Rotterdam
- 1997 - 2000: Development of two hydrogen networks, one near Corpus Christi, Texas, and one between Freeport and Texas City.
- 2009 - 150 mile extension of the pipeline from Plaquemine to Chalmette.[10]
Infrastructure
- 2004 - USA - 900 miles (1450 km) of low pressure hydrogen pipelines[11][12]
- 2004 - Europe - 930 miles (1500 km) of low pressure hydrogen pipelines.[13]
Research
Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Pipelines (or FRP pipeline) and Reinforced thermoplastic pipes are researched[14][15][16][17]
Notes
Pipeline delivery pressures can go up to 700-1,000 psi [18]
See also
- Guided rotor compressor
- HCNG
- Hydrogen turboexpander-generator
- Hydrogen piping
- Hydrogen economy
- Pipeline transport
- Plastic pressure pipe systems
- Timeline of hydrogen technologies
References
- ↑ 2005 DOE Hydrogen Pipeline Working Group Workshop
- ↑ Natural gas pipelines for hydrogen transportation
- ↑ 2006 - Compressorless Hydrogen Transmission Pipelines
- ↑ Every 50 to 100 miles
- ↑ Stuart Island Energy Initiative Website Accessed 2010-10-13
- ↑ Idaho national Engineering Laboratory Recommendations for Piping for Gaseous Hydrogen Accessed 2010-10-13
- ↑ The Technological Steps of Hydrogen Introduction - pag 24
- ↑ rise.org - Pipelines
- ↑ 2006 - vector of clean energy - pag 15
- ↑ Hydrogen Pipeline Extension Strengthens Gulf Coast Network
- ↑ 2004 USA pipelines
- ↑ 2008 Argonne National Laboratory report
- ↑ 2004 EU pipelines
- ↑ 2007 - Fiber Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Pipelines
- ↑ NEW, COMPOSITE POLYMERIC/METALLIC MATERIALS AND DESIGNS FOR HYDROGEN PIPELINES
- ↑ 2006 FRP Hydrogen Pipelines
- ↑ Lifetime Simulation Composite & Multilayer Pipelines
- ↑ Fleet module Pag. 17
External links
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fr:Hydrogénoduc it:Idrogenodotto nl:Waterstof pijpleidingvervoer no:Rørtransport av hydrogen
