Isopentane

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  3. Alkanes


{{#if:OdorlessOdorlessColorless liquid616 mg mL−1[2]192 nm76.992 kPa (at 20 °C)7.2 nmol Pa−1 kg−11.354112114125|! style="background: #F8EABA; text-align: center;" colspan="2" | Properties
Isopentane
Skeletal formula of isopentane
Skeletal formula of isopentane with all implicit carbons shown, and all explicit hydrogens added
Ball and stick model of isopentane
IUPAC name

2-Methylbutane[1]

Identifiers
CAS number 78-78-4 7pxY
PubChem 6556
ChemSpider 6308 7pxY
UNII ZH67814I0O 7pxY
EC number 201-142-8
UN number 1265
MeSH isopentane
ChEBI CHEBI:30362 7pxY
RTECS number EK4430000
Beilstein Reference 1730723
Gmelin Reference 49318
Jmol-3D images Image 1
Molecular formula C5H12
Molar mass 72.15 g mol−1
Thermochemistry
Std enthalpy of
formation ΔfHo298 		−179.1–−177.3 kJ mol−1
Std enthalpy of
combustion ΔcHo298 		−3.5052–−3.5036 MJ mol−1
Standard molar
entropy So298 		260.41 J K−1 mol−1
Specific heat capacity, C 164.85 J K−1 mol−1
Hazards
GHS pictograms The flame pictogram in the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) The exclamation-mark pictogram in the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) The health hazard pictogram in the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) The environment pictogram in the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS)
GHS signal word DANGER
GHS hazard statements H224, H304, H336, H411
GHS precautionary statements P210, P261, P273, P301+310, P331
EU Index 601-006-00-1
EU classification Flammable F+ Harmful Xn Dangerous for the Environment (Nature) N
R-phrases R12, R51/53, R65, R66, R67
S-phrases (S2), S16, S29, S33
NFPA 704
4
1
0
Flash point −51 °C
Autoignition
temperature 		420 °C
Explosive limits 1.4–8.3%
Related compounds
Related alkanes
Related compounds 2-Ethyl-1-butanol
 14pxY (verify) (what is: 10pxY/10pxN?)
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)
Infobox references

Isopentane, C5H12, also called methylbutane or 2-methylbutane, is a branched-chain alkane with five carbon atoms. Isopentane is an extremely volatile and extremely flammable liquid at room temperature and pressure. The normal boiling point is just a few degrees above room temperature and isopentane will readily boil and evaporate away on a warm day. Isopentane is commonly used in conjunction with liquid nitrogen to achieve a liquid bath temperature of -160 °C. It is 1% or less of natural gas.[3]

Nomenclature

Isopentane is the name recommended by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC).[4] An isopentyl group is a subset of the generic pentyl group. It has the chemical structure -CH2CH2CH(CH3)2.

Isomers

Isopentane is one of three structural isomers with the molecular formula C5H12, the others being pentane (n-pentane) and neopentane (dimethyl propane).

Uses

Isopentane is one of the ingredients in both Aquafresh and Sensodyne.[5]

References

  1. ↑ "isopentane - Compound Summary". PubChem Compound. USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information. 16 September 2004. Identification and Related Records. http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=6556&loc=ec_rcs#x291. Retrieved 5 March 2012.
  2. ↑ James Wei (1999), Molecular Symmetry, Rotational Entropy, and Elevated Melting Points. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., volume 38 issue 12, pp. 5019–5027 doi:10.1021/ie990588m
  3. ↑ Georg Hammer, Torsten Lübcke, Roland Kettner, Mark R. Pillarella, Herta Recknagel, Axel Commichau, Hans-Joachim Neumann and Barbara Paczynska-Lahme “Natural Gas“ in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 2006, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. doi:10.1002/14356007.a17_073.pub2
  4. ↑ Script error
  5. ↑ Aquafresh Website

External links

cs:Isopentan

de:Isopentan el:Μεθυλοβουτάνιο es:Isopentano fa:ایزوپنتان fr:2-méthylbutane id:Isopentana it:Isopentano he:איזופנטאן ku:Îso-Pentan lb:Isopentan nl:2-methylbutaan ja:イソペンタン pt:Isopentano sl:Metilbutan fi:Isopentaani sv:Isopentan zh:异戊烷


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