In the oil and gas engineering industry, the K-factor formula is used to calculate pressure drop across fittings or a set of fittings in a piping system. K-factor, when multiplied by ρv2/2, gives pressure drop across the fittings. K-factor can also be used to find out the equivalent length of all the fittings in a piping system. When the total pressure drop across a line (straight line + fittings) is divided by pressure drop per unit length for that line, the result is equivalent straight length of that piping system accounting for all the bends and fittings.

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