Optofluidics

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Optofluidics is a research and technology area that combines the advantages of microfluidics and optics. Applications of the technology include displays, biosensors, lab-on-chip devices, lenses, and molecular imaging tools and energy.

History

The idea of fluid-optical devices can be traced back at least as far as the 18th century, when spinning pools of mercury were proposed (and eventually developed) as liquid mirror telescopes. In the 20th century new technologies such as dye lasers and liquid core waveguides were developed that took advantage of the tunability and physical adaptability that liquids provided to these newly emerging photonic systems. The field of optofluidics formally began to emerge in in the mid-2000s as the fields of microfluidics and nanophotonics were maturing and researchers began to look for synergies between these two areas[1]. One of the primary applications of the field is for lab-on-a-chip and biophotonic products.[2][3][4].

Current Research and Technologies

There are numerous research groups worldwide working on optofluidics, including those listed below.

Country University / Institute Group Topic
22x20px Australia University of Sydney CUDOS (Eggleton)[5] Photonic Crystals.
 Canada University of Toronto Sinton Group[6] biosensors, energy.
 Canada University of Toronto Biophotonics Group (Levy)[7] Photonic crystals, sensors.
22x20px Denmark Danish Technical University Kristensen Group[8] Polymer optofluidics, lasers, single molecule analysis.
22x20px Israel Hebrew University NanoOpto Group (Levy)[9] Optical Resonators, Plasmonics.
22x20px South Korea Seoul National University Biophotonics and Nano Engineering Lab (Kwon)[10] Directed assembly, sensors, structural color.
22x20px South Korea KAIST Superlattice Nanomaterials Lab (Yang)[11] Optofluidic materials, SERS sensors.
22x20px Germany Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Biophotonic Sensors Group (Mappes)[12] Sensors, fabrication and integration techniques.
17px Switzerland EPFL Psaltis Group[13] optofluidic switches, imaging, energy.
22x20px Singapore Nanyang Technological University A.Q. Liu Group[14] Optofluidic waveguides, lab-on-a-chip devices.
22x20px Singapore Nanyang Technological University N.T. Nguyen Group[15] Diagnostics, Transport.
 United States Cornell University Erickson Group[16] nanophotonic tweezing, optofluidic switches, biosensors, energy.
 United States UC Santa Cruz Applied Optics Group[17] Arrow waveguides, single molecule optofluidics.
 United States Caltech Yang Biophotonics Group[18] Optofluidic Microscopy, Imaging, OCT.
 United States UC San Diego Ultrafast and Nanoscale Optics Group (Fainman)[19] Nanoscale lasers, optofluidic switches, silicon devices.
 United States University of Michigan Sherman Fan Lab[20] Optofluidic lasers, SERS, ring resonators.
 United States University of Maryland White Research Group[21] Medical diagnostics, SERS, circulating tumor cells.
 United States Caltech Nanofabrication Group (Scherer)[22] Optofluidic Lasers, DNA detection, photonic crystals.
 United States Penn State BioNEMS Laboratory (Huang)[23] Optofluidic lenses, plasmonics.
 United States UC Berkeley BioPOETS (Lee)[24] Optofluidic transport, SERS, microfluidics.
 United States UC Berkeley Berkeley Integrated Photonics Lab (Wu)[25] Optoelectronic tweezers.
 United States UC San Diego Lo Research Group[26] Optofluidic flow cytometry.
 United States UIUC Nano Sensors Group (Cunningham)[27] Photonic Crystal Sensors, SERS.
 United States Harvard Crozier Group[28] Near Field Trapping, SERS
 United States Iowa State University Attinger Group[29] Optofluidic transport
 United States Boston University LINBS (Altug)[30] Plasmonics, nanohole sensors, high throughput diagnostics

Companies and Technology Transfer

Optofluidic and related research has led to the formation of a number of new products and start-up companies. Varioptic specializes in the development of electrowetting based lenses for numerous applications. Optofluidics, Inc. was launched in 2011 from Cornell University in order to develop tools for molecular trapping and disease diagnosis based on photonic resonator technology. Liquilume from UC Santa Cruz specializes in molecular diagnostics based on arrow waveguides.

References

  1. ↑ Script error
  2. ↑ Zahn, p. 185
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  4. ↑ "Optofluidics: Optofluidics can create small, cheap biophotonic devices". Jul 1, 2006. http://www.optoiq.com/index/photonics-technologies-applications/lfw-display/lfw-article-display.articles.laser-focus-world.volume-42.issue-7.features.optofluidics-optofluidics-can-create-small-cheap-biophotonic-devices.html. Retrieved 2011-06-26.
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